Ensuring good quality air in the workplace is not just a compliance issue – it’s a strategic imperative. With a growing body of research showing that poor indoor air quality leads to reduced productivity, there’s been an increasing desire for buildings that put occupants’ health first.
Air quality monitoring is a proactive way to ensure a healthier indoor environment. Not only do these systems help in complying with health and safety regulations, but they also contribute to a more productive and comfortable workspace.
Through the right choice of monitor, strategically placing it and effectively analyzing the data it gathers, businesses and building managers can significantly enhance the quality of life for their occupants and potentially reduce operating costs through more efficient building operations.
Indoor Air Quality Guidelines for Workplaces in Canada
Some jurisdictions within Canada have specific indoor air quality legislation for non-industrial workplaces, some do not. For those that do not, a “general duty clause” applies, which asserts that employers must provide a safe and healthy workplace.
A number of governmental regulations exist to guide Canadian businesses towards improved indoor air quality. Building Codes and standards set by organizations such as the Canadian Standards Association (CSA) and ASHRAE provide additional guidelines.
The list below is a summary of indoor air quality legislation for non-industrial workplaces. To determine what specific legislation is applicable in your particular situation contact the relevant organization within your jurisdiction. A list of government contacts dealing with occupational health and safety can be found here.
Summary of Regulation and Guidelines on Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) or Ventilation
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| JURISDICTION | LEGISLATION TITLE | OTHER LEGISLATION THAT MAY APPLY | RELATED PUBLICATIONS |
|---|---|---|---|
| Federal | Canada Occupational Health and Safety Regulations | Division III, HVAC systems Sections 2.20 to 2.27 | Indoor Air Quality in Office Buildings: A Technical Guide. Health Canada |
| Alberta | Occupational Health and Safety Code | Part 26 – Ventilation systems | Indoor air quality tool kit |
| British Columbia | Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, B.C. Reg. 296/97 | Part 4, Sections 4.70 to 4.80 Indoor Air QualityPart 5, Sections 5.60 to 5.71 VentilationPart 5, Sections 5.72 to 5.75 Internal Combustion Engines (when operating indoors) | Indoor Air Quality: A Guide for Building Owners, Managers, and Occupants |
| Manitoba | Workplace Safety and Health Regulation, Man. Reg. 217/2006 | Part 4 General Workplace Requirements, Sections 4.1 to 4.3 | |
| New Brunswick | General Regulation – Occupational Health and Safety Act, N.B. Reg. 91-191 | Part III Indoor Air Quality, Section 19 to 25.2 | Air Quality |
| Newfoundland and Labrador | Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2012, N.L.R. 5/12 | Part VI Occupational Health Requirements, Section 45 | |
| Northwest Territories | Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, R-039-2015 | Part 6 General Health Requirements, Sections 68 to 74, 81 (smoking) | Office Accommodation: Fit-up Technical Standards and Criteria by Public Works and Services NWT |
| Nova Scotia | Occupational Safety General Regulations | Part 4 – Ventilation, Lighting, Sanitation and Accommodation, Sections 15 | |
| Nunavut | Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, R-003-2016 | Part 6 General Health Requirements, Sections 68 to 74, 81 (smoking) | |
| Ontario | Industrial Establishment Regulation, R.R.O. 1990, Reg. 851 | Part III Industrial Hygiene Section 127 | Ventilation Inspection and Report for Health Care and Residential Facilities |
| Prince Edward Island | Occupational Health and Safety Act General Regulations, EC180/87 | Part 11 – Ventilation 11.1 to 11.11 | |
| Quebec | Regulation respecting occupational health and safety under the Act respecting occupational health and safety | Division V, Air Quality Section 39Division XI, Ventilation and Heating, Sections 101 to 114 | |
| Saskatchewan | Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2020 (c. S-15.1, Reg 10) | Part VI General Health Requirements, Sections 6-1 to 6-5, 6-14 (smoking), 21-7 (protection of certain workers) | Indoor Air QualityIndoor Air Quality: Investigating Concerns |
| Yukon | Occupational Health and Safety and Regulations Occupational Health Regulations | Occupational Health and Safety and Regulations, Section 126 Occupational Health Regulations, Section 7 Ventilation |
Understanding Air Quality Monitoring
Monitoring air quality in commercial buildings is essential for ensuring the health, safety and productivity of occupants. Poor indoor air quality can lead to a range of health issues, including respiratory problems, headaches, fatigue, and allergic reactions, which can negatively impact the well-being of employees and building occupants. By actively monitoring air quality, building managers can identify and address sources of indoor pollutants, such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), particulate matter and carbon dioxide (CO2), ensuring that the indoor environment remains safe and comfortable.
Beyond health concerns, air quality also plays a crucial role in maintaining and enhancing productivity. Studies have shown that poor air quality can reduce cognitive function and concentration, leading to decreased work performance. High levels of CO2, for example, can result in drowsiness and impaired decision-making. By ensuring optimal air quality through continuous monitoring, businesses can create an environment that supports employee focus, creativity and overall productivity, which ultimately contributes to the success of the organization.
In addition to health and productivity benefits, monitoring air quality is also important for regulatory compliance and sustainability efforts. Many regions have established indoor air quality standards and regulations that commercial buildings must adhere to. Regular monitoring helps ensure compliance with these regulations, reducing the risk of legal issues and potential fines.
Furthermore, maintaining good air quality aligns with sustainability goals and is a factor involved in attaining building health certifications like WELL and Fitwel. Attaining certifications such as these position the building management as a leader that is commited to the health and wellness of its occupants, enhancing its appeal to tenants.
Air quality monitoring improves energy efficiency in commercial buildings by enabling demand-controlled ventilation (DCV), where ventilation rates are adjusted based on real-time occupancy and pollutant levels, reducing unnecessary energy use. It also allows for targeted HVAC operations, focusing heating, cooling, and ventilation efforts on specific zones that need it most, rather than the entire building, which minimizes energy consumption. Additionally, monitoring helps optimize air filtration by indicating when filters need replacement, ensuring HVAC systems operate efficiently without being overburdened by clogged filters, thereby reducing energy usage and maintenance costs.
What Pollutants Do Monitors Detect?
Particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) – These fine particles can penetrate deep into the lungs and are a major health hazard.
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) – Emitted from building materials, finishes, furniture, paints, cleaners and other chemicals, VOCs can cause both short-term irritation and long-term health issues.
Carbon dioxide (CO2) – High levels of CO2 can indicate inadequate ventilation and lead to decreased productivity and drowsiness. Keeping CO2 levels within recommended limits (usually below 1000 ppm) ensures fresh air circulation.
Humidity and temperature – Extremes of humidity and temperature can exacerbate health problems and affect indoor comfort. Maintaining proper humidity levels (30 to 50 percent) helps prevent mould growth and discomfort.
Choosing the Right Indoor Air Quality Monitor for Commercial Buildings
Selecting the appropriate commercial indoor air quality monitor is a critical step in effectively managing the indoor environment. Here are some key factors to consider when choosing a suitable system.
Determine Specific Needs and Choose the Right Type of Monitor
Each building will have unique monitoring needs based on its design, usage, and occupancy patterns. For example, a building with a gym will need different monitoring capabilities than one primarily used for offices. Here are the different types of air quality monitors:
Standalone monitors – These are typically portable devices designed to measure one or more types of pollutants; they are suitable for identifying and analyzing specific air quality issues in different building zones.
Integrated systems – Integrated systems connect multiple sensors and devices across a building to a central management system; this setup allows for comprehensive monitoring and control of air quality across entire properties.
Smart monitors – Smart monitors leverage IoT technology to provide real-time data and insights. They can be integrated with other building management systems for automated responses to changes in air quality, like adjusting HVAC operations or alerting maintenance teams to potential issues.
Technology and Features
Sensor accuracy – Ensure the sensors are accurate and reliable – look for certification or validation from recognized industry bodies (e.g. RoHS, CE, UL, ANSI, ISO).
Range of pollutants detected – Choose a monitor that can detect a comprehensive range of pollutants that are relevant to your building’s environment (refer to above list “What Pollutants Do Monitors Detect?”).
Data handling and storage – Consider how the data is stored and accessed; cloud-based solutions, for example, offer up easy access and extensive data analysis capabilities.
Integration capabilities – Check if the air quality monitor can integrate smoothly with your existing building management systems for a cohesive operation.
Cost Considerations
While initial setup costs might be a significant factor, also consider the operational and maintenance costs; more sophisticated systems might offer greater savings in the long run through enhanced energy efficiency and reduced healthcare costs.
User Reviews and Support
Research user reviews to gauge the effectiveness of different monitors in real-world commercial settings. Additionally, consider the level of customer support provided by the manufacturer, including installation help and troubleshooting.
Future-proofing
Technology evolves rapidly, so opt for systems that can be updated or expanded as new sensors and features become available; this ensures your monitoring system remains effective over its operational life.
Through careful assessment of these factors, facility managers can choose the right indoor air quality monitor for commercial buildings – one that not only meets their current needs, but also adapts to future requirements, ensuring a healthy and productive environment for all occupants.
Implementing Air Quality Monitors in Commercial Buildings
Placement and Installation
When considering the placement and installation of air quality monitors in a commercial building, strategic positioning is crucial to effectively capture and manage indoor pollutants. One important location for placing monitors is near entry points. These areas can be gateways for outdoor pollutants entering the building, so monitoring them helps in assessing and controlling the quality of the air that is being introduced into the indoor environment.
High-traffic areas such as lobbies, cafeterias, and common spaces are also key locations for air quality monitors. These areas tend to have higher levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) due to increased occupant activity and the use of various products. Monitoring these zones ensures that air quality is maintained at safe levels, which is vital for occupant health and comfort.
Additionally, placing monitors near potential sources of indoor pollution, like print stations, kitchens, and maintenance areas, is essential for identifying and addressing localized pollutant sources. By focusing on these hotspots, building managers can more effectively mitigate the impact of indoor air contaminants and maintain a healthier environment for all occupants.
Data Analysis and Action
Establishing baselines – Determine typical pollutant levels during different times and conditions to understand when deviations occur.
Real-time monitoring and alerts – Use smart monitors to get instant notifications about deteriorating conditions, allowing for swift action.
Historical data analysis – Review long-term data to identify trends, such as times of day when ventilation might need boosting or specific areas where air quality consistently falls below standards.
Integrating With Building Management Systems
Seamlessly integrating air quality monitors with existing building management systems can automate many of the responses needed to maintain optimal conditions. For example, if increased CO2 levels are detected, the system can automatically increase ventilation to compensate.
Additional Resources
- Canadian Government Departments Responsible for Health and Safety – CCOHS
- Air Quality and Health – Health Canada
- Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety – CCOHS
- Indoor Air Reference Levels for Chronic Exposure to Volatile Organic Compounds (IARL) – Health Canada
- Indoor Air Quality Resources for Professionals – Health Canada
Read more on this topic in our Green Building Guide to Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ)
